UscriptSupplementary MaterialRefer to Net version on PubMed Central for supplementary material.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to Lin Chao, Mans Ehrenberg, Peter Geiduschek, Hiroshi Nikaido, Stefan Klumpp, Matthew Scott, Bill Shaw, and members with the Hwa lab for comments and suggestions. This operate was supported by the NIH by way of grant R01-GM095903 to TH, by the NSF, by means of a NSF Graduate Analysis Fellowship to JBD andScience. Author manuscript; readily available in PMC 2014 June 16.Deris et al.Page 15 by means of the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (PHY0822283), and by the NCI via a subcontract on the Physical Science-Oncology plan (1 U54 CA143803). RH is supported in component by the NWO (VENI 680-47-419).NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptReferences and notes1. Alanis AJ. Resistance to antibiotics: are we within the post-antibiotic era Archives of healthcare analysis. 2005; 36:69705. [PubMed: 16216651] two. Globe Health Organization. The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: Solutions for action. World Overall health Organization; 2012. three. Mart ez JL, Baquero F, Andersson DI. Predicting antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007; 5:9585. [PubMed: 18007678] 4. MacLean RC, Hall AR, Perron GG, Buckling A. The population genetics of antibiotic resistance: integrating molecular mechanisms and therapy contexts. Nat Rev Genet. 2010; 11:4054. [PubMed: 20479772] five. McArthur AG, et al. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2013; 57:3348357. [PubMed: 23650175] 6. Cavalli LL, Maccacaro GA. Chloromycetin resistance in E. coli, a case of quantitative inheritance in bacteria. Nature. 1950; 4232:991. [PubMed: 14796661] 7. Toprak E, et al. Evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance beneath dynamically sustained drug selection. Nat Genet. 2011; 44:10105. [PubMed: 22179135] eight. Maskell DJ, Hormaeche CE, Harrington KA, Joysey HS, Liew FY. The initial suppression of bacterial development in a salmonella infection is mediated by a localized rather than a systemic response. Microbial pathogenesis. 1987; two:29505. [PubMed: 3333801] 9. Batten C, McCune RM. The influence of corticotrophin and certain corticosteroids on populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissues of mice. British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 1957; 38:41323. [PubMed: 13460186] ten. Li Y, Karlin A, Loike JD, Silverstein SC. A essential concentration of neutrophils is required for helpful bacterial killing in suspension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99:82894. [PubMed: 12060772] 11. Malka R, Wolach B, Gavrieli R, Shochat E, Rom-kedar V. Proof for bistable bacterianeutrophil interaction and its clinical implications.Mucicarmine Fluorescent Dye 2012; 12210.4-Nitrophthalonitrile site 1172/JCI59832.PMID:24631563 3002 12. Washington JA. The effects and significance of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. Rev Infect Dis. 1979; 1:78186. [PubMed: 396633] 13. Davies J, Spiegelman GB, Yim G. The globe of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9:4453. [PubMed: 16942902] 14. Tan C, Marguet P, You L. Emergent bistability by a growth-modulating optimistic feedback circuit. Nat Chem Biol. 2009; 5:84248. [PubMed: 19801994] 15. Zaslaver A, et al. Invariant distribution of promoter activities in Escherichia coli. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009; 5:e1000545. [PubMed: 19851443] 16. Scott M, Gunderson CW, Mateescu EM, Zhang Z, Hwa T. Interdependence of cell development and gene expression: origins and consequences. Science. 2010; 330:109902. [PubMed: 21097934] 17.
