From the Phenyl acetate Protocol developed PDK in EDA.For validation from the 1st version of PDK, 3 low-noise amplifiers (LNA) were designed:Single-stage LNA; Two-stage LNA; Three-stage LNA.As an instance, the electrical scheme, designed topology, and simulated S-parameters from the three-stage LNA are shown in Figures 102, respectively. The primary parameters of MMIC, obtained through simulation, are presented in Table three.Electronics 2021, 10,8 offigure 10. Electrical scheme of the three-stage LNA created working with the initial release of PDK.Figure 11. Developed topology on the three-stage LNA created applying the first release of PDK.Figure 12. Simulated S-parameters of the three-stage LNA created making use of the initial release of PDK.Electronics 2021, ten,9 ofTable 3. The principle parameters of your three-stage LNA developed applying the initial release of PDK. Parameter Frequency range Small-signal gain, min Input and output reflection coefficient, max Noise figure, max Output energy at 1 dB compression point, min Supply voltage DC present for provide bus Die size Simulated Value 82 26 Units GHz dB dB dB dBm VDC mA mm-1.7 13 5 85 1.two 2.The three developed LNAs had been incorporated in the production frame in conjunction with the line fragments, test structures, and process supplement symbols (Figure 13).Figure 13. The composed frame (7.7 mm ten.2 mm) that includes three LNAs, different line fragments, and test structures.Then, this frame was multiplied on the wafer. Numerous wafers are now in production.Electronics 2021, 10,ten of4. Discussion As was shown inside the previous section, the parameters and curves that were simulated for the PDK elements showed very good agreement together with the experimental information. The developed PDK consists of models and information which are sufficient for the improvement and production of low-noise amplifiers employing the MEPhI GaAs 0.15 pHEMT process. Further research proposals are suggested to extend the PDK to other MMICs:Buffer amplifiers; Switches; Attenuators; Phase shifters; Frequency converters; Power Tenofovir diphosphate Protocol limiters.The created PDK is usually used in well-known and widespread EDA tools from AWR. The PDK will simplify the technology transfer to other production web pages, if that is needed in the future. It can also be made use of to create a comprehensive style roduction esting cycle to educate MMIC style engineers. The obtained results showed that the solutions employed in this paper are suitable for PDK development and can be applied in other, similar technologies at other production or research web pages.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.D.Z., I.M.D. and I.S.V.; methodology, I.M.D. and I.S.V.; measurement outcome processing, A.S.S., A.A.P. and I.M.D.; modeling of electronic components, A.S.S., A.A.P. and I.M.D.; style of MMICs and test structures, I.M.D., A.S.S.; information curation, A.A.G.; writing– original draft preparation, D.D.Z.; writing–review and editing, I.M.D. and D.S.B.; supervision, N.I.K.; project administration, D.D.Z. and D.S.B.; funding acquisition, D.D.Z. and D.S.B. All authors have read and agreed for the published version in the manuscript. Funding: The short article was prepared as part of implantation of the eading research center (LRC) rusted Sensor Systems economic assistance provided by Ministry of Digital Improvement, Communications and Mass Media in the Russian Federation and Russian Venture Firm (RVC JSC) (Agreement 009/20 dated 04/10/2020). Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude for the AVK Style Group and its leading engineer Alexey V. Kondratenko for technical support throughout the.
