Employment status (r = 0.174, p = 0.011). We performed a hierarchical regression with the FOSQ total score as the dependent variable. The initial regression model included 4 blocks: demographic variables: age, educational status and employment status (block 1), psychosocial variables: anxiety and depression (block 2), narcolepsy-related variables: narcolepsy symptoms, vitality and nighttime sleep quality (block 3) and health-related stigma including the 4 stigma domains (block 4). The initial regression model accounted for 46.6 of the variance in the FOSQ with the psychosocial Actinomycin D chemical information variables accounting for 25.6 beyond demographics, narcolepsy-related variables accounting for an additional 9.7 and stigma accounting for an additional 6.4 of the variance in the FOSQ. Least VorapaxarMedChemExpress Vorapaxar significant variables were individually systematically removed from the model. The final, best fitting model (Table 3) accounted for 45.7 of the variance in the FOSQ. In this model the most significant predictors of social functioning were depression (p<0.001),PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478 April 21,6 /Stigma in Young Adults with NarcolepsyTable 2. Descriptive statistics: Key variables. Characteristics Perceived Stigma (SSIS) Total Score Social Rejection Financial Insecurity Internalized Shame Social Isolation Disclosure Concerns HADS Anxiety HADS Depression SF36 QOL (norm-based) Physical Function (PF) Bodily Pain (BP) Role Physical (RP) General Health (GH) Vitality (V) Social Functioning (SF) Role Emotional (RE) Mental Health (MH) FOSQ Total Score Activity Level Vigilance Productivity Intimacy Sexual Relationship Social Outcome ESS Score PSQI Global Score 49.2 ?10.4 49.3 ?10.9 39.5 ?10.4 43.8 ?10.7 37.0 ?8.7 36.5 ?13.7 42.4 ?12.8 42.4 ?10.9 13.3 ?3.0 2.3 ?0.7 2.4 ?0.7 2.7 ?0.7 3.0 ?0.8 2.8 ?0.9 16.0 ?4.6 14.9 ?7.1 54.9 ?4.0 53.1 ?6.6 53.5 ?6.1 52.4 ?8.4 48.2 ?7.6 49.7 ?7.6 47.1 ?11.3 47.5 ?8.3 18.4 ?1.9 3.6 ?0.4 3.5 ?0.6 3.8 ?0.3 3.6 ?0.6 3.8 ?0.4 7.7 ?4.4 10.4 ?5.8 <0.001 0.027 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Narcolepsy (n = 122) 52.3 ?14.4 17.8 ?5.8 7.3 ?2.8 10.2 ?3.4 17.1 ?5.3 23.8 ?7.7 8.2 ?4.3 7.1 ?4.4 Control (n = 93) 30.9 ?10.5 10.7 ?3.4 4.1 ?1.8 7.0 ?2.8 9.2 ?3.7 15.6 ?5.8 6.7 ?3.9 3.2 ?2.9 Mann-Whitney UP value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.011 <0.Analyses are reported as mean ?SD. SSIS-Stigma and Social Impact Scale, HADS-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF36--Short Form Health Survey, QOL- Quality of Life, FOSQ--Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, ESS- Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PSQI-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478.tnarcolepsy symptoms (p = 0.009) and social rejection (p = 0.001). Depression accounted for 34.9 of the variance in the FOSQ, narcolepsy symptoms accounted for 6.7 of the variance beyond depression and social rejection accounted for an additional 5.4 of the variance. LessTable 3. Summary of the final hierarchical regression analysis predicting the FOSQ total score in narcoleptics (n = 122). Variable Step 1 HADS Depression Step 2 HADS Depression Narcolepsy Symptoms Step 3 HADS Depression Narcolepsy Symptoms Social Rejection -.270 -.009 -.151 .054 .003 .043 -.395 -.191 -.289 .457 <0.001 0.009 0.001 -.365 -.013 .049 .003 -.536 -.265 .407 <0.001 <0.001 -.403 .050 -.591 .344 <0.001 B SE B Adj. R2 P ValueHADS-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478.tPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.p.Employment status (r = 0.174, p = 0.011). We performed a hierarchical regression with the FOSQ total score as the dependent variable. The initial regression model included 4 blocks: demographic variables: age, educational status and employment status (block 1), psychosocial variables: anxiety and depression (block 2), narcolepsy-related variables: narcolepsy symptoms, vitality and nighttime sleep quality (block 3) and health-related stigma including the 4 stigma domains (block 4). The initial regression model accounted for 46.6 of the variance in the FOSQ with the psychosocial variables accounting for 25.6 beyond demographics, narcolepsy-related variables accounting for an additional 9.7 and stigma accounting for an additional 6.4 of the variance in the FOSQ. Least significant variables were individually systematically removed from the model. The final, best fitting model (Table 3) accounted for 45.7 of the variance in the FOSQ. In this model the most significant predictors of social functioning were depression (p<0.001),PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478 April 21,6 /Stigma in Young Adults with NarcolepsyTable 2. Descriptive statistics: Key variables. Characteristics Perceived Stigma (SSIS) Total Score Social Rejection Financial Insecurity Internalized Shame Social Isolation Disclosure Concerns HADS Anxiety HADS Depression SF36 QOL (norm-based) Physical Function (PF) Bodily Pain (BP) Role Physical (RP) General Health (GH) Vitality (V) Social Functioning (SF) Role Emotional (RE) Mental Health (MH) FOSQ Total Score Activity Level Vigilance Productivity Intimacy Sexual Relationship Social Outcome ESS Score PSQI Global Score 49.2 ?10.4 49.3 ?10.9 39.5 ?10.4 43.8 ?10.7 37.0 ?8.7 36.5 ?13.7 42.4 ?12.8 42.4 ?10.9 13.3 ?3.0 2.3 ?0.7 2.4 ?0.7 2.7 ?0.7 3.0 ?0.8 2.8 ?0.9 16.0 ?4.6 14.9 ?7.1 54.9 ?4.0 53.1 ?6.6 53.5 ?6.1 52.4 ?8.4 48.2 ?7.6 49.7 ?7.6 47.1 ?11.3 47.5 ?8.3 18.4 ?1.9 3.6 ?0.4 3.5 ?0.6 3.8 ?0.3 3.6 ?0.6 3.8 ?0.4 7.7 ?4.4 10.4 ?5.8 <0.001 0.027 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Narcolepsy (n = 122) 52.3 ?14.4 17.8 ?5.8 7.3 ?2.8 10.2 ?3.4 17.1 ?5.3 23.8 ?7.7 8.2 ?4.3 7.1 ?4.4 Control (n = 93) 30.9 ?10.5 10.7 ?3.4 4.1 ?1.8 7.0 ?2.8 9.2 ?3.7 15.6 ?5.8 6.7 ?3.9 3.2 ?2.9 Mann-Whitney UP value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.011 <0.Analyses are reported as mean ?SD. SSIS-Stigma and Social Impact Scale, HADS-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF36--Short Form Health Survey, QOL- Quality of Life, FOSQ--Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, ESS- Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PSQI-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478.tnarcolepsy symptoms (p = 0.009) and social rejection (p = 0.001). Depression accounted for 34.9 of the variance in the FOSQ, narcolepsy symptoms accounted for 6.7 of the variance beyond depression and social rejection accounted for an additional 5.4 of the variance. LessTable 3. Summary of the final hierarchical regression analysis predicting the FOSQ total score in narcoleptics (n = 122). Variable Step 1 HADS Depression Step 2 HADS Depression Narcolepsy Symptoms Step 3 HADS Depression Narcolepsy Symptoms Social Rejection -.270 -.009 -.151 .054 .003 .043 -.395 -.191 -.289 .457 <0.001 0.009 0.001 -.365 -.013 .049 .003 -.536 -.265 .407 <0.001 <0.001 -.403 .050 -.591 .344 <0.001 B SE B Adj. R2 P ValueHADS-Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122478.tPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.p.
