Admission electrocardiography (ECG) and elevated cardiac enzyme or marker levels. In this study, we used single serum levels of cTnI .0.06 ng/ml as the elevated cardiac marker. ST-segment depression was defined as decreased ST segment 0.5 mV below the isoelectric line in any ECG lead. The risk categories of GRACE score were divided into low, medium and high. For patients with STEMI, the risk scores were 27 to 99, 100 to 127, and 128 to 263, respectively [14]. For patients with non-ST elevated ACS (NSTE-ACS), the risk scores were 1 to 88, 89 to 118, and 119 to 263, respectively [14].Figure 1. Flow chart of the study. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054731.g001Dickkopf-1 Is buy 78919-13-8 Associated with ACS PatientsTable 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) By Tertiles of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) Level.DKK-1 level tertile Variables Age (yr) Male, no. ( ) Body mass index (kg/m ) Hypertension, no. ( ) SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Diabetes, no. ( ) Smoker, no. ( ) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglyceride (mmol/L) HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) Blood glucose (mmol/L) Cr (mmol/L) CK (mmol/L) cTnI (ng/ml) Uric acid (mmol/L) Hs-CRP (pg/ml) PLT (109/L) Medical treatment, no. ( ) ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Aspirin CCB Clopidogrel Statins Cardiovascular disease, no. vessels involved, no. ( ) 1 vessel 2 vessels 3 vessels Stenosis degree, no. ( ) 50?5 75 41 (42.3) 56 (57.7) 42 (43.3) 55 (56.7) 42 (43.3) 55 (56.7) 37 (38.1) 32 (33.0) 18325633 28 (28.9) 34 (35.1) 33 (34.0) 30 (30.9) 34 (35.1) 36 (37.1) 27 (27.8) 0.986 41 (42.3) 69 (71.1) 96 (99.0) 13 (13.4) 66 (68.0) 80 (82.5) 41 (42.3) 68 (70.1) 95 (97.9) 10 (10.3) 65 (67.0) 70 (72.2) 35 (36.1) 74 (76.3) 97 (100) 15 (15.5) 64 (66.0) 84 (86.6) 0.665 0.109 0.999 0.299 0.384 0.730 0.T1 (n = 97) 55610 67 (69.1) 26.263.44 64 (66) 132615 78611 25 (25.8) 51 (52.6) 4.5960.87 1.6660.55 1.1960.28 2.6960.68 6.1860.90 86.067.9 73.8639.9 1.7368.82 315645 1.4761.33T2 (n = 97) 56610 67 (69.1) 26.663.19 62 (63.9) 132616 76611 22 (22.7) 46 (47.4) 4.6860.83 1.7160.57 1.1860.25 2.6260.63 6.2560.87 87.969.8 99.76110.8 0.5261.69 316648 2.0361.74T3 (n = 97) 59610 59 (60.8) 26.466.35 56 (57.7) 130613 75610 30 (30.9) 44 (45.4) 4.7360.84 1.8160.59 1.1860.26 2.7060.60 6.5860.94 87.669.0 124.56192.1 1.2263.54 312644 2.5461.81P value0.025 0.374 0.848 0.524 0.432 0.317 0.421 0.585 0.493 0.180 0.922 0.659 0.005 0.274 0.058 0.450 0.836 ,0.001 0.Data are mean6SD unless indicated. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; Cr, creatinine; CK, creatinine kinase; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CCB, calcium channel blocker. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054731.tPlasma Level of DKK-1 in Patients with ACSMedian plasma DKK-1 level was 713 pg/ml (range 129?2139 pg/ml). DKK-1 levels were correlated with hs-CRP level (r = 0.295, P,0.001, Fig. 2A). DKK-1 was significantly higher in patients with STEMI than those with NSTE-ACS at baseline (P = 0.006, Fig. 2B). DKK-1 level did not differ between patients with 69056-38-8 site NSTEMI and those with UA (P.0.05).did not influence prognosis. Compared to patients without events, those with events were older, and hypertension and diabetes were more frequent. The groups differed in levels of TC (P,0.001), TG (P = 0.014), LDL-C (P = 0.028), HDL-C, blood glucose and hsCRP (all P#0.001). The event rates of MACE by DKK-1 tertile were higher for T3 tha.Admission electrocardiography (ECG) and elevated cardiac enzyme or marker levels. In this study, we used single serum levels of cTnI .0.06 ng/ml as the elevated cardiac marker. ST-segment depression was defined as decreased ST segment 0.5 mV below the isoelectric line in any ECG lead. The risk categories of GRACE score were divided into low, medium and high. For patients with STEMI, the risk scores were 27 to 99, 100 to 127, and 128 to 263, respectively [14]. For patients with non-ST elevated ACS (NSTE-ACS), the risk scores were 1 to 88, 89 to 118, and 119 to 263, respectively [14].Figure 1. Flow chart of the study. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054731.g001Dickkopf-1 Is Associated with ACS PatientsTable 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) By Tertiles of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) Level.DKK-1 level tertile Variables Age (yr) Male, no. ( ) Body mass index (kg/m ) Hypertension, no. ( ) SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Diabetes, no. ( ) Smoker, no. ( ) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglyceride (mmol/L) HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) Blood glucose (mmol/L) Cr (mmol/L) CK (mmol/L) cTnI (ng/ml) Uric acid (mmol/L) Hs-CRP (pg/ml) PLT (109/L) Medical treatment, no. ( ) ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Aspirin CCB Clopidogrel Statins Cardiovascular disease, no. vessels involved, no. ( ) 1 vessel 2 vessels 3 vessels Stenosis degree, no. ( ) 50?5 75 41 (42.3) 56 (57.7) 42 (43.3) 55 (56.7) 42 (43.3) 55 (56.7) 37 (38.1) 32 (33.0) 18325633 28 (28.9) 34 (35.1) 33 (34.0) 30 (30.9) 34 (35.1) 36 (37.1) 27 (27.8) 0.986 41 (42.3) 69 (71.1) 96 (99.0) 13 (13.4) 66 (68.0) 80 (82.5) 41 (42.3) 68 (70.1) 95 (97.9) 10 (10.3) 65 (67.0) 70 (72.2) 35 (36.1) 74 (76.3) 97 (100) 15 (15.5) 64 (66.0) 84 (86.6) 0.665 0.109 0.999 0.299 0.384 0.730 0.T1 (n = 97) 55610 67 (69.1) 26.263.44 64 (66) 132615 78611 25 (25.8) 51 (52.6) 4.5960.87 1.6660.55 1.1960.28 2.6960.68 6.1860.90 86.067.9 73.8639.9 1.7368.82 315645 1.4761.33T2 (n = 97) 56610 67 (69.1) 26.663.19 62 (63.9) 132616 76611 22 (22.7) 46 (47.4) 4.6860.83 1.7160.57 1.1860.25 2.6260.63 6.2560.87 87.969.8 99.76110.8 0.5261.69 316648 2.0361.74T3 (n = 97) 59610 59 (60.8) 26.466.35 56 (57.7) 130613 75610 30 (30.9) 44 (45.4) 4.7360.84 1.8160.59 1.1860.26 2.7060.60 6.5860.94 87.669.0 124.56192.1 1.2263.54 312644 2.5461.81P value0.025 0.374 0.848 0.524 0.432 0.317 0.421 0.585 0.493 0.180 0.922 0.659 0.005 0.274 0.058 0.450 0.836 ,0.001 0.Data are mean6SD unless indicated. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; Cr, creatinine; CK, creatinine kinase; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CCB, calcium channel blocker. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054731.tPlasma Level of DKK-1 in Patients with ACSMedian plasma DKK-1 level was 713 pg/ml (range 129?2139 pg/ml). DKK-1 levels were correlated with hs-CRP level (r = 0.295, P,0.001, Fig. 2A). DKK-1 was significantly higher in patients with STEMI than those with NSTE-ACS at baseline (P = 0.006, Fig. 2B). DKK-1 level did not differ between patients with NSTEMI and those with UA (P.0.05).did not influence prognosis. Compared to patients without events, those with events were older, and hypertension and diabetes were more frequent. The groups differed in levels of TC (P,0.001), TG (P = 0.014), LDL-C (P = 0.028), HDL-C, blood glucose and hsCRP (all P#0.001). The event rates of MACE by DKK-1 tertile were higher for T3 tha.
