Issues of AP rats were further demonstrated by western blot analysis and presented in Fig.5 B. The similar expression characteristics of CB1 and CB2 receptors were also found in the stomach of the AP rats, as demonstrated by both immunohistological staining and western blot assay (Fig. 5 C and 5 D). The strong positive signs of brown dyeing were mainly in the gastric mucosa (Fig. 5 C, arrowheads).Results from Experiment In VitroEffect of cannabinoids on gastric pathological changes and on gastrin and SR-3029 somatostatin release. To investigate thelevels increased significantly as compared to those of control rats, with upsurges of 169 and 147 , respectively (in both cases, P,0.05; Fig. 4B). assays for pepsin level and [H+] were performed by using the gastric juice of AP and control rats. Both pepsin level and [H+] in the gastric juice showed a distinct increase in AP rats as comparedChanges of pepsin levels and [H+] in gastric juice of AP rats. To evaluate the changes of gastric exocrine function,effect of CB1 receptor agonist HU210 on the endocrine function of the isolated rat stomach stimulated with AP rat serum, we examined the alterations of gastrin and somatostatin levels in the venous effluent of the stomach, with or without intervention of CB1 receptor agonist HU210 and antagonist AM251. The results showed that compared to the control group, the rat stomach treated with AP serum provoked an increased gastrin release (P,0.05), but a decreased somatostatin release (P,0.05), HU210 reversed the gastrin and somatostatin changes induced by serum of AP rats (P,0.05), while AM251 did not exhibit detectable impact on the release of the two hormones (Fig. 6). AM251 on pepsin activity and [H+] in the gastric lumen effluent of the isolated rat stomach were presented in Fig. 7. Compared to the counterparts of the control group, AP serum stimulated the pepsin secretion and acid output in the isolated rat stomach (P,0.05). The intervention of CB1/2 receptor agonist HU210 attenuated the AP serum-induced changes of pepsin secretion and acid output (P,0.05), while the receptor antagonist AM251 failed to exhibit obvious effect on these two parameters.Effects of cannabinoids on the levels of IL-6 and KC in the gastric venous effluent of rats. After the rats 24195657 received the Effects of cannabinoids on pepsin activity and [H+] in the gastric lumen effluent. The effects of the agents HU210 andtreatment of the AP serum, IL-6 and KC levels significantly elevated in the venous effluent from the isolated rat stomach; HU210 reversed the IL-6 and KC changes induced by serum of AP rats (P,0.05), while AM251 had no detectable impact on the levels of the cytokine and chemokine in the venous effluent (Fig. 8).DiscussionIn clinic, the patients with acute pancreatitis, especially with severe acute pancreatitis, often suffer AGML or stress ulcer, a common complication of AP. The causative factors for stomach injury include, but not limited to, the stress from the inflammatory stimulation which can induce the activation of the locus 1454585-06-8 web ceruleusnorepinephrine/sympathetic-adrenal medulla system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system. The secretive increases of catecholamines and glucocorticoid hormones are the most important factors of body stress, for these components provoke gastric acid hyper-secretion and blood-flow shifting that cause gastrointestinal mucosal ischemia. Importantly, the ischemiaFigure 2. Morphological changes of the isolated stomach from rats wit.Issues of AP rats were further demonstrated by western blot analysis and presented in Fig.5 B. The similar expression characteristics of CB1 and CB2 receptors were also found in the stomach of the AP rats, as demonstrated by both immunohistological staining and western blot assay (Fig. 5 C and 5 D). The strong positive signs of brown dyeing were mainly in the gastric mucosa (Fig. 5 C, arrowheads).Results from Experiment In VitroEffect of cannabinoids on gastric pathological changes and on gastrin and somatostatin release. To investigate thelevels increased significantly as compared to those of control rats, with upsurges of 169 and 147 , respectively (in both cases, P,0.05; Fig. 4B). assays for pepsin level and [H+] were performed by using the gastric juice of AP and control rats. Both pepsin level and [H+] in the gastric juice showed a distinct increase in AP rats as comparedChanges of pepsin levels and [H+] in gastric juice of AP rats. To evaluate the changes of gastric exocrine function,effect of CB1 receptor agonist HU210 on the endocrine function of the isolated rat stomach stimulated with AP rat serum, we examined the alterations of gastrin and somatostatin levels in the venous effluent of the stomach, with or without intervention of CB1 receptor agonist HU210 and antagonist AM251. The results showed that compared to the control group, the rat stomach treated with AP serum provoked an increased gastrin release (P,0.05), but a decreased somatostatin release (P,0.05), HU210 reversed the gastrin and somatostatin changes induced by serum of AP rats (P,0.05), while AM251 did not exhibit detectable impact on the release of the two hormones (Fig. 6). AM251 on pepsin activity and [H+] in the gastric lumen effluent of the isolated rat stomach were presented in Fig. 7. Compared to the counterparts of the control group, AP serum stimulated the pepsin secretion and acid output in the isolated rat stomach (P,0.05). The intervention of CB1/2 receptor agonist HU210 attenuated the AP serum-induced changes of pepsin secretion and acid output (P,0.05), while the receptor antagonist AM251 failed to exhibit obvious effect on these two parameters.Effects of cannabinoids on the levels of IL-6 and KC in the gastric venous effluent of rats. After the rats 24195657 received the Effects of cannabinoids on pepsin activity and [H+] in the gastric lumen effluent. The effects of the agents HU210 andtreatment of the AP serum, IL-6 and KC levels significantly elevated in the venous effluent from the isolated rat stomach; HU210 reversed the IL-6 and KC changes induced by serum of AP rats (P,0.05), while AM251 had no detectable impact on the levels of the cytokine and chemokine in the venous effluent (Fig. 8).DiscussionIn clinic, the patients with acute pancreatitis, especially with severe acute pancreatitis, often suffer AGML or stress ulcer, a common complication of AP. The causative factors for stomach injury include, but not limited to, the stress from the inflammatory stimulation which can induce the activation of the locus ceruleusnorepinephrine/sympathetic-adrenal medulla system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system. The secretive increases of catecholamines and glucocorticoid hormones are the most important factors of body stress, for these components provoke gastric acid hyper-secretion and blood-flow shifting that cause gastrointestinal mucosal ischemia. Importantly, the ischemiaFigure 2. Morphological changes of the isolated stomach from rats wit.
