Cular function, and long-distance gait speed in older adults has not been specifically explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the steady (MAP) and pulsatile (PP) components of BP with usual long distance gait speed measured during a 400-MWT in a large group of community-dwelling older adults at risk for mobility disability from The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence For Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) investigation. We hypothesized that elevated PP would be associated with lower gait speed in older adults with mobility limitations.a 400-meter walk test within 15 minutes without the use of an assistive device, and had a sedentary lifestyle [defined as ,20 minutes of regular physical activity per week during the prior month]. Other Calciferol web exclusion criteria included history of heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV), stroke, aortic stenosis, uncontrolled angina, a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 21, Parkinson’s disease, cancer requiring treatment in the past three years, and respiratory diseases necessitating regular use of corticosteroid pills/injections or the use of supplemental oxygen. Descriptive information on the cohort and study design for the LIFE-P trial has been previously described in detail [21,22].Study DesignShort distance gait speed was measured as the time taken for participants to walk 4 meters at usual self-directed pace. Long distance gait speed was assessed by having individuals walk 10 laps at a comfortable, self-directed pace in a corridor between two cones spaced 20-m apart. Time to complete the 400-m walk was recorded in minutes and seconds. Gait speed was computed as time to complete the test divided by the distance. Participants were permitted to stop during the walk, but not allowed to sit or receive help from others (cane use was permitted during assessments). During the 400-MWT, any standing rest stop was allowed as long as it did not exceed 60 seconds. Grip strength in both hands was measured using an adjustable, hydraulic grip strength dynamometer (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, Model No. BK-7498, Fred Sammons, Inc. Burr Ridge, IL) and taken as a proxy of overall muscular strength. Three trials were conducted for each hand and the averages of the left and right hand used for subsequent analyses. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in duplicate using conventional auscultation and sphygmomanometry with participants in the seated position. Participants were instructed to remain in a fasted state, not consume alcohol, caffeine or perform heavy physical activity prior 1407003 to blood pressure assessment. PP was calculated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ?diastolic blood pressure (DBP). MAP was calculated as (1/3 * SBP)+(2/3 * DBP). Heart rate (HR) was assessed in duplicate via palpation of the radial artery. The average of the two BP and HR measures were used for subsequent analyses. BP and HR assessment was carried out prior to walk testing and handgrip testing by trained study personnel.Statistical Analyses Methods Ethics StatementAll participants provided written informed consent, and the institutional review MedChemExpress 4EGI-1 boards of all participating institutions (Cooper Institute, Stanford University, University of Pittsburgh, and Wake Forest University) approved this study protocol. All aspects 1662274 of this study were conducted in accordance with the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at http://www. ClinicalTrials.gov (registration # NCT0.Cular function, and long-distance gait speed in older adults has not been specifically explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the steady (MAP) and pulsatile (PP) components of BP with usual long distance gait speed measured during a 400-MWT in a large group of community-dwelling older adults at risk for mobility disability from The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence For Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) investigation. We hypothesized that elevated PP would be associated with lower gait speed in older adults with mobility limitations.a 400-meter walk test within 15 minutes without the use of an assistive device, and had a sedentary lifestyle [defined as ,20 minutes of regular physical activity per week during the prior month]. Other exclusion criteria included history of heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV), stroke, aortic stenosis, uncontrolled angina, a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 21, Parkinson’s disease, cancer requiring treatment in the past three years, and respiratory diseases necessitating regular use of corticosteroid pills/injections or the use of supplemental oxygen. Descriptive information on the cohort and study design for the LIFE-P trial has been previously described in detail [21,22].Study DesignShort distance gait speed was measured as the time taken for participants to walk 4 meters at usual self-directed pace. Long distance gait speed was assessed by having individuals walk 10 laps at a comfortable, self-directed pace in a corridor between two cones spaced 20-m apart. Time to complete the 400-m walk was recorded in minutes and seconds. Gait speed was computed as time to complete the test divided by the distance. Participants were permitted to stop during the walk, but not allowed to sit or receive help from others (cane use was permitted during assessments). During the 400-MWT, any standing rest stop was allowed as long as it did not exceed 60 seconds. Grip strength in both hands was measured using an adjustable, hydraulic grip strength dynamometer (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, Model No. BK-7498, Fred Sammons, Inc. Burr Ridge, IL) and taken as a proxy of overall muscular strength. Three trials were conducted for each hand and the averages of the left and right hand used for subsequent analyses. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in duplicate using conventional auscultation and sphygmomanometry with participants in the seated position. Participants were instructed to remain in a fasted state, not consume alcohol, caffeine or perform heavy physical activity prior 1407003 to blood pressure assessment. PP was calculated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ?diastolic blood pressure (DBP). MAP was calculated as (1/3 * SBP)+(2/3 * DBP). Heart rate (HR) was assessed in duplicate via palpation of the radial artery. The average of the two BP and HR measures were used for subsequent analyses. BP and HR assessment was carried out prior to walk testing and handgrip testing by trained study personnel.Statistical Analyses Methods Ethics StatementAll participants provided written informed consent, and the institutional review boards of all participating institutions (Cooper Institute, Stanford University, University of Pittsburgh, and Wake Forest University) approved this study protocol. All aspects 1662274 of this study were conducted in accordance with the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at http://www. ClinicalTrials.gov (registration # NCT0.
