: 267274. ten. Tuder RM, Davis LA, Graham BB Targeting energetic metabolism: a new frontier inside the pathogenesis and remedy of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185: 260266. 11. Pugh ME, Robbins IM, Rice TW, West J, Newman JH, et 1480666 al. Unrecognized glucose intolerance is common in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 30: 904911. 12. Hansmann G, Wagner RA, Schellong S, Perez VA, Urashima T, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is linked to insulin resistance and reversed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Circulation 115: 12751284. 13. Archer SL, Weir EK, Wilkins MR Standard science of pulmonary arterial hypertension for clinicians: new concepts and experimental therapies. Circulation 121: 20452066. 14. Sutendra G, Bonnet S, Rochefort G, Haromy A, Folmes KD, et al. Fatty acid oxidation and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase within the vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med two: 44ra58. 15. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, et al. Metabolomic profiles delineate prospective part for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature 457: 910914. 10 Metabolomic Heterogeneity of PAH 16. Lazarow PB Rat liver peroxisomes catalyze the beta oxidation of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 253: 15221528. 17. Kunau WH, Dommes V, Schulz H beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and bacteria: a century of continued progress. Prog Lipid Res 34: 267342. 18. Zhao YD, Courtman DW, Deng Y, Kugathasan L, Zhang Q, et al. Rescue of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension employing bone marrow-derived endothelial-like progenitor cells: efficacy of combined cell and eNOS gene therapy in established illness. Circ Res 96: 442450. 19. Piao L, Fang YH, Cadete VJ, Wietholt C, Urboniene D, et al. The inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase improves impaired cardiac function and electrical remodeling in two models of right ventricular hypertrophy: resuscitating the hibernating right ventricle. J Mol Med 88: 4760. 20. Shimoda LA, Manalo DJ, Sham JS, BIBS39 Semenza GL, Sylvester JT Partial HIF-1alpha deficiency impairs pulmonary arterial myocyte electrophysiological responses to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281: L202208. 21. Michelakis ED, McMurtry MS, Wu XC, Dyck JR, Moudgil R, et al. Dichloroacetate, a metabolic modulator, prevents and reverses chronic hypoxic 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. pulmonary hypertension in rats: part of enhanced expression and activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. Circulation 105: MedChemExpress [DTrp6]-LH-RH 244250. McMurtry MS, Bonnet S, Wu X, Dyck JR, Haromy A, et al. Dichloroacetate prevents and reverses pulmonary hypertension by inducing pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circ Res 95: 830840. Warburg O On the origin of cancer cells. Science 123: 309314. Trachootham D, Lu W, Ogasawara MA, Nilsa RD, Huang P Redox regulation of cell survival. Antioxid Redox Signal 10: 13431374. Nordlie RC, Foster JD A retrospective review with the roles of multifunctional glucose-6-phosphatase in blood glucose homeostasis: Genesis with the tuning/retuning hypothesis. Life Sci 87: 339349. Neermann J, Wagner R Comparative evaluation of glucose and glutamine metabolism in transformed mammalian cell lines, insect and principal liver cells. J Cell Physiol 166: 152169. Zhou KG, Jiang LJ, Shang Z, Wang J, Huang L, et al. Prospective application of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations as prognostic indicators in nonpromyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphom.: 267274. ten. Tuder RM, Davis LA, Graham BB Targeting energetic metabolism: a new frontier in the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185: 260266. 11. Pugh ME, Robbins IM, Rice TW, West J, Newman JH, et 1480666 al. Unrecognized glucose intolerance is frequent in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 30: 904911. 12. Hansmann G, Wagner RA, Schellong S, Perez VA, Urashima T, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is linked to insulin resistance and reversed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Circulation 115: 12751284. 13. Archer SL, Weir EK, Wilkins MR Fundamental science of pulmonary arterial hypertension for clinicians: new ideas and experimental therapies. Circulation 121: 20452066. 14. Sutendra G, Bonnet S, Rochefort G, Haromy A, Folmes KD, et al. Fatty acid oxidation and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inside the vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med two: 44ra58. 15. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, et al. Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature 457: 910914. 10 Metabolomic Heterogeneity of PAH 16. Lazarow PB Rat liver peroxisomes catalyze the beta oxidation of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 253: 15221528. 17. Kunau WH, Dommes V, Schulz H beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and bacteria: a century of continued progress. Prog Lipid Res 34: 267342. 18. Zhao YD, Courtman DW, Deng Y, Kugathasan L, Zhang Q, et al. Rescue of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension applying bone marrow-derived endothelial-like progenitor cells: efficacy of combined cell and eNOS gene therapy in established illness. Circ Res 96: 442450. 19. Piao L, Fang YH, Cadete VJ, Wietholt C, Urboniene D, et al. The inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase improves impaired cardiac function and electrical remodeling in two models of right ventricular hypertrophy: resuscitating the hibernating proper ventricle. J Mol Med 88: 4760. 20. Shimoda LA, Manalo DJ, Sham JS, Semenza GL, Sylvester JT Partial HIF-1alpha deficiency impairs pulmonary arterial myocyte electrophysiological responses to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281: L202208. 21. Michelakis ED, McMurtry MS, Wu XC, Dyck JR, Moudgil R, et al. Dichloroacetate, a metabolic modulator, prevents and reverses chronic hypoxic 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. pulmonary hypertension in rats: role of increased expression and activity of voltage-gated potassium channels. Circulation 105: 244250. McMurtry MS, Bonnet S, Wu X, Dyck JR, Haromy A, et al. Dichloroacetate prevents and reverses pulmonary hypertension by inducing pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circ Res 95: 830840. Warburg O Around the origin of cancer cells. Science 123: 309314. Trachootham D, Lu W, Ogasawara MA, Nilsa RD, Huang P Redox regulation of cell survival. Antioxid Redox Signal ten: 13431374. Nordlie RC, Foster JD A retrospective assessment of the roles of multifunctional glucose-6-phosphatase in blood glucose homeostasis: Genesis of the tuning/retuning hypothesis. Life Sci 87: 339349. Neermann J, Wagner R Comparative analysis of glucose and glutamine metabolism in transformed mammalian cell lines, insect and primary liver cells. J Cell Physiol 166: 152169. Zhou KG, Jiang LJ, Shang Z, Wang J, Huang L, et al. Potential application of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations as prognostic indicators in nonpromyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphom.